Rock crusher



Jan. 14, 1941. p, w 2,228,480

ROCK CRUSHER Filed June 27, 1958 2 sheet sheet 1 I NVENTOR PERCY W PALMER MMLMM I ATTORNEYS Jan. 14, 1941.

FF. W. PALMER ROCK CRUSHER Filed June 2'7, 1938 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR P5120 W- PAL-M ER BY LM,M+Z M ATTORNEYS Patented Jan. 14, 1.941

; UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2 Claims.

My invention relates to improvements in rock crushers.

Rock crushers or crushers for handling substances presenting similar problems are generally classifiable into three general types known as jaw crushers," gyratory Crushers, and rotary or roll type crushers. My invention relates to improvements in either type but more particularly to the last named or roll type.

Roller type crushers have heretofore comprised relatively smooth-faced rolls mounted upon substantial bearings whereby the rolls are held approximately horizontally and with the axes of the rolls in approximately the same horizontal plane. The peripheries of the rolls are spaced according to the degree of fineness of crushed material desired. The rolls are power driven and usually rotate at approximately the same speed. Aggregate material fed to the rolls for crushing is usually graded to a size receivable into that portion of the valley between therolls which is known as the nip. This is the zone in which the particular size of aggregate is seized between the converging surfaces of the rolls.

If the rolls used in the previously known roller type crushers are of large diameter the converging faces of the rolls at the nip will be more nearly parallel to one another, but if the rolls are of comparatively small diameter, the opposed surfaces of the rolls at the nip are so divergent as to require that the aggregate be accurately sized. Even then there is a marked tendency for smooth or odd shaped pieces of aggregate to evade the nip and to frictionally ride upon the surfaces of the rolls so as to score them deeply and to also blockade the flow of aggregate into the nip of the rolls, thus resulting in inefficiency of operation and rapid destruction of the surface of the crushing rolls.

The object of my invention crusher rolls of comparatively small diameter, a configuration of the face of the rolls whereby the portions of such faces opposed to each other at the nip of the rolls are more nearly parallel, and

in accomplishing this object I form the face of a crusher rollin a step-like configuration. I also mount my improved crusher rolls in a supporting structure whereby to provide for positive drive of the rolls at identical speeds so that one flat step upon one of the rolls as it approaches the nip is faced by an opposed step of the other roll, and these faces of these opposed steps are much more nearly in parallelism with one another than is to provide in V Another object of my invention is to provide crusher rolls with a step-like configuration, or'

a configuration suited to receive plates which will provide such a step-like configuration whereby the plates disposed in such step formation are braced against one another, and are braced against the general structure of their respective rolls, thus providing for long life of the rolls.

' A further object of my invention is to provide improved structure for crushing an aggregate wherein the aggregate contactin portions of the mechanism are so disposed that in retreating from the crushing zone they rapidly open the throat whereby to quickly release the crushed material.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a view of two opposed rolls of a cylindrical crusher embodying the step-like configuration of my invention.

Figure 2 is a series of diagrammatic views of progressing aggregate engaged by opposed portions of crushing rolls embodying my invention; the first view showing a piece of aggregate at the nip; the second view showing the aggregate in the institution of the crushingaction; the third view showing the aggregate in the completion of the crushing operation; and the fourth View showing the aggregate in the outlet of the throat as the crushed aggregate is delivered by the rolls.

Figure 3 is a section of a portion of the supporting shaft hub and rim of a crusher roll with my improved working face therefor.

Figure 4 is an end elevation of two of my crusher rolls, and the supporting bearing structure therefor.

Figure 5 is an enlarged detail view showing portions of the two rolls shown in Figure 1, said portions disclosing the relation of the opposed meeting portions of the rolls.

Figure 6 is a perspective of a special bolt used in the attachment of my crusher face to a wheel frame.

Like parts are designated by the same reference characters throughout the several views.

Crusher rolls I and II, made in accord with my invention, are provided with a step-like external configuration shown clearly in Figures 1, 2, 4, and of the drawings whereby to present lands I? with shoulders I3 de-marking them. I may either form the surface structure of my crusher rolls as one cylindrical piece, as shown in Figure l, or I may provide plates M of special alloy hardened steel which are secured in place against shoulders l3 and against their associated plates by means of bolts l5 or other suitable devices, as shown in Figure 6.

Disposition of the lands l2 and the shape of the plate-like surfaces is such that the faces of the plates at the point of the nip between the rolls are approaching parallelism with each other, and in any event, are more nearly parallel with each other than would be the cylindrical faces of smooth rolls.

The lands or plates in advance of the position shown at 16, in other words as shown in Figures 2 and 5, may be said to be in the crushing zone. Here the lands or plates are substantially parallel and the crushing operation is instituted. At iii the lands or plates are opening slightly in the throat of the rolls and by the time they are in the position shown at 19 the throat is opened rapidly and the aggregate is free of the rolls.

The general construction to provide .the proper surfaces to carry out my invention may either include the casting of complete cylinders to be affixed upon a supporting hub and spoke structure as shown in Figure 1, or I may provide a basic cylindrical structure as shown in Figures 3 and 5 upon which separate plates It may be attached. Thus upon the lands l2 and against the shoulder I3 I provide hardened plates M of special alloy hardened steel which are secured in place against the shoulders l3 and against their associated plates by means of bolts IE or other suitable devices, as for instance, rivets, although I have found that bolts as shown in the drawings and shaped as shown in Figure 6, are best suited to this work.

Obviously, the complete cylinders shown in Figure 1 are of the proper alloy steel and may be mounted upon supporting structure of softer and less tough material.

My rolls l0 and II equipped with face plates M may be mountedupon a supporting structure 2!) as indicated in Figure 4 so that a fixed bearing 2| for roll Iii, and an adjustable bearing 22 for roll II will support the respective rolls in opposed crushing relationship under the urge of a spring 23 which will permit of only slight movement of the roll l-I under the most severe crushing stress.

The rolls l6 and l I may be supported by bearing 2i and 22 upon a shaft I00 or H0, respectively, and power to rotate the rolls, in the direction indicated by arrows may be applied in any suitable manner to drive the rolls at identical r speed of rotation.

In Figure l I have shown a cylindrical crusher roll 30 with a smooth cylindrical face 3| upon which a complete cylindrical working face 32 may be bolted-such cylindrical face being pre-cast or pre-f-ormed to provide plate-like surfaces corresponding in shape and function to the faces [5 at the nip of the crusher rolls. In the use of either of the alternative structures, a hub H2,

with its spokes H3, and the cylindrical body H4 of the roll, may be made of any relatively tough, relatively soft steel or other suitable material for receiving the face plates M of the cylindrical member 32 which will provide alloy steel of hardness to sustain the stresses of the rock crushing operation.

From the above description and directing attention now to Figure 2, it will be seen that aggregate entering into the nip of the rolls is received between faces 16 and that the tendency of the aggregate to evade the nip is reduced markedly by the step-like configuration of the rolls. Faces 16 are approaching parallelism and tend to hold the aggregate. As the crushing action proceeds, as shown in the second view in Figure 2, the plates accompanying the crushing action are substantially parallel. They assume actual parallelism as shown in the third view in Figure 2 and the crushing action is substantially completed at this point although the trailing corners of the plates come closer together as shown in Figures 2 and 5. Finally the plates in the position B9 are opened rapidly and the throat is cleared of crushed material much more rapidly than smooth rolls could accomplish this purpose.

I claim:

1. In a crusher including elements havin opposed generally arcuate surfaces power connected to provide equal surf-ace velocities and respectively mounted for arcuate movement downwardly toward the bite of a crushing zone, a straight step-like configuration for said surfaces, the steps thereof being parallel to the axis of the arcuate crushing surface and being substantially plane and tilted with respect to said arcuate surfaces so that opposing steps approaching the bite of the crushing zone are more nearly in parallelism .than the general arcof said surfaces, the substantially radial surfaces of the step-like configurations of the two rolls being positioned to lie simultaneously in the plane of the axis of the arcuate surfaces.

2. In a crusher including elements having opposed generally arcuate surfaces mounted and power connected whereby to be respectively arcuately movable downwardly toward a bite of a crushing zone, a step-like configuration for said surfaces, the steps thereof being substantially plane and tilted with respect to said arcuate surfaces so that opposed steps approaching the crushing zone are more nearly in parallelism than are said arcuate surfaces, said stepped surfaces being supported and motivated for synchronous movement and identical surface speed to move said stepped surfaces downwardly into said bite with the substantially radial surfaces of the steplike configurations lying simultaneously in the plane of the axis of said arcuate surfaces.

PERCY W. PALMER. 

